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Recent articles by Michael Schmidt
Η ξεχασμένη π... 0 comments The Failed German Revolution of 1918-1919 0 comments Ιταλικό αναρ ... 0 comments Recent Articles about Italy / Switzerland History of anarchismΟ ηθελημένος ... May 25 22 Carlo Cafiero Sep 04 20 Εθνική Σύνοδ ... Oct 22 19 In search of early Italy's "lost" Bakuninist organisations
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Wednesday May 27, 2015 07:55 by Michael Schmidt
A review of Nunzio Pernicone's Italian Anarchism, 1864-1892 (AK Press, USA, 2009) I'm a historian of the global anarchist movement (Black Flame - 2009; Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism - 2013), but during what I term the First Wave (1868-1894), the Italian anarchist movement was always a bit vague to me. The reason was that most historians make a point of stressing that the Italians made their mark not in Italy, but as travelling militants, especially in Egypt, Tunisia, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and the United States. But the conundrum was: if Italian anarchists were so influential in the revolutionary labour movement abroad, how was it possible that they had little traction where they came from? In search of early Italy's "lost" Bakuninist organisationsA review of Nunzio Pernicone's Italian Anarchism, 1864-1892 (AK Press, USA, 2009)I'm a historian of the global anarchist movement (Black Flame - 2009; Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism - 2013), but during what I term the First Wave (1868-1894), the Italian anarchist movement was always a bit vague to me. The reason was that most historians make a point of stressing that the Italians made their mark not in Italy, but as travelling militants, especially in Egypt, Tunisia, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and the United States. But the conundrum was: if Italian anarchists were so influential in the revolutionary labour movement abroad, how was it possible that they had little traction where they came from?
Now Pernicone as helped explain why: Firstly, the dominance in Italy from the time of the Italian Federation of the IWMA of a form of self-described anarcho-collectivism (later anarcho-communism) that was insurrectionist and anti-syndicalist in the manner of Hatta Shuzo and the "pure" anarchists of Japan (they initially supported mass formations, but were just not very keen on unions), and later due to repression became staunchly anti-organisationist / anti-mass too. Not a smooth trajectory, bearing in mind that the likes of the young insurrectionist Luigi Galleani also cut his teeth on worker organising. Secondly, the new Italian state was dominated by two political factions: the “Historic Right” consisting of conservatives and monarchists, while the “Historic Left” consisted of nationalists and republicans – but this “Left” was compromised by its post-unification support for the monarchy; as a result, until the 1890s, government swung between two anti-socialist poles, which saw the emergent anarchist movement and the socialists more broadly, suffer continual cycles of repression. This repression was meted out by two processes that were not submitted to the courts where they could have been challenged: “admonishment” under which militants were put under restrictive surveillance; and domicilio coatto, which involved forced internal exile on islands off the coast such as Lampedusa. Michael Schmidt |
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Spring zu Komment: 1 2"the PSAR’s regional federations were revived in 1897, though by then, Malatesta had moved away from the party’s original syncretism towards endorsing a far more ideologically coherent programme; within fifteen years, the Italian pro-organisational anarchists controlled their own 80,000-strong anarcho-syndicalist labour centre, the Italian Syndicalist Union (USI)."
And here's what Malatesta wrote reflecting on his time involved with syndicalists:
http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta...alism
Guess that doesn't fit in as well with the line this article is pushing though.
The Malatesta piece you provided as evidence was written over 25 years later than the period that Michael Schmidt is referencing. Obviously many radicals shifted their positions, but that doesn't negate their earlier ideologies. In the case of Malatesta, his earlier support for anarcho-syndicalist organizations.