In October 1916 and again in December 1917 the Australian people voted against conscription. In Australia, unlike every other belligerent, there was no conscription to the First World War. The credit for this result goes in large part to the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) founded in the USA in 1905. The IWW or "wobblies" were militant socialists and Anarchists numbering perhaps 500 in Australia at their peak. They were famous for their songs, their humour and their revolutionary flair.
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